The Prophet Muhammad, was the last Prophet sent by God Almighty, this is the story as well as his biography

Prophet Muhammad

The Prophet Muhammad, was the last Prophet sent by God Almighty, this is the story as well as his biography. 

Muhammad bin Abdullah ( born in Mecca , April 20 570 - died in Medina , June 8, 632 at age 62 years ) is the last prophet and messenger for Muslims . Muhammad created the doctrine and form of Islamic science .
Michael H. Hart in his book The 100 judge Muhammad as the most influential figures in human history . According to Hart , Muhammad is the only person who managed to achieve remarkable success in terms of both spiritual and social . Hart noted that Muhammad was able to manage a nation that initially selfish , barbaric , backward , and torn apart by tribal sentiments into a developed nation in the fields of economy , culture , and even the military was able to defeat the Roman army who was a leading military power in the world .

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etymology


" Muhammad " ( Arabic : محمد بن عبد الله ; : Muḥammad ; pronounced [ mʊħɑmmæd ] ( see ) is a language derived from the Semitic root word ' HMD ' which in Arabic means " he who is blessed " . Moreover in one of the verses of Al - Qur'an , Muhammad called by the name " Ahmad " ( أحمد ) , which in Arabic also means " commendable " .
Prior to Prophethood , Muhammad got two nicknames from the tribe of Quraish ( the largest tribe in Mecca are also parts of Muhammad ) , Al - Ameen means " trustworthy person " and As - Saadiq , which means " true " . After a period of prophetic companions called him with the title of Apostle Allāh ( رسول الله ) , then add a sentence sal-Allaahu ' Alayhi Wasallam ( صلى الله عليه و سلم , which means " may God give him happiness and safety " ; often abbreviated as " SAW " or " SAW " ) after his name .
Muhammad also earned the nickname Abu al - Qasim which means " father of Qasim " , because Muhammad never had a son named Qasim , but he died before reaching adulthood .
Genealogy

The main article for this section are : Genealogy of the family of Muhammad

Muhammad pedigree of both parents back to Kilab ibn Murrah ibn Ka'b bin Ghalib bin Fahr bin Lu'ay ( Quraish ) bin Malik bin an- Nadr ( Qais ) bin Kinana bin Khuzaimah bin Mudrikah ( Amir ) son of Ilyas son of Mudar bin Nizar son of Ma `ad son of Adnan . Adnan is a male offspring to seven of Ismail bin Ibrahim , the offspring of Sam son of Noah .
More complete genealogy from Adam to Muhammad bin Abdullah bin Muhammad bin Abdul Mutthalib Hashim ibn Abd Manaf ibn Qusai ibn Murrah ibn Ka'b ibn Kilab Luay bin Ghalib bin bin Fahr ( Quraish ) bin Malik bin Nadhr Khuzayma bin Kinana bin bin bin Ilyas Mudrikah bin Mudar bin Nizar bin Ma'ad Udad bin Adnan bin bin bin al - Muqawwam Tayrah Nahur son son son Nabit Yasyjub Ya'rub bin Ismail bin Ibrahim bin bin Must to Go Historical ( Azar ) bin Nahur bin Saru 'bin Ra'u son Falikh bin Aybir Syalikh bin bin bin Sam bin Noah Arfakhsyad Lamikh son son son Akhnukh Mutusyalikh Mahlil bin bin bin Yarda Qinan son Yanish Syits bin Adam bin .
This lineage is mentioned by Muhammad bin Ishak ibn Yasar al - Madani in one of his memoirs . Nasab of the Prophet till Adnan agreed upon by scholars , while after Adnan differences of opinion . The purpose of the Quraish was the son of Fahr bin Malik bin or late - Nadhr Kinanah

The main article for this section are : Maulud Prophet Muhammad

The authors sirah ( biography ) of Muhammad is generally agreed that he was born in the Year of the Elephant , which is the year 570 AD , which is the failure of Abraha attacked Makkah . Muhammad was born in Mecca , in the southern part of the Arabian Peninsula , a place when it is the most backward regions in the world , far from the centers of trade , art , and science . His father , Abdullah , died in the course of trade in the medina , which when it was called Yathrib , when Muhammad was still in the womb . He left the property five camels , a flock of sheep and a slave woman named Um Ayman who then take care of the Prophet .
By the time Muhammad was six years old , his mother Aminah bint Wahab took him to Yathrib ( now Medina ) to visit family and visit the grave of his father . But on the way home , his mother fell ill . After a few days , Aminah died in Abwa ' which is located not far from Yathrib , and was buried in sana.Setelah mother died , Muhammad maintained by his grandfather , ' Abd al - Muttalib . After his grandfather died , he was guarded by his uncle , Abu Talib . When he was asked this herding his goats around Mecca and often accompanied his uncle on trading to foreign affairs Sham ( Syria , Lebanon , and Palestine ) .
Introduction to Khadijah
When Muhammad reached the age of adolescence and growing into an adult , he began studying martial arts and archery , nor the knowledge to increase their skills in the trade . Trade became common practice and is regarded as one of the stable income . Muhammad used to accompany his uncle to trade in the direction of North and news about honesty and trustworthy character spread rapidly , making many believed to be an intermediary realtors merchandise residents of Mecca .
One person who heard about the news of the young man who is honest and trustworthy in the trade with a widow named Khadijah . He is someone who has a high status among the Arab tribes . As a trader , he also frequently sends merchandise to various remote areas in Arabia . Reputation Muhammad made ​​Khadija entrusted to organize merchandise Khadijah , Muhammad promised by him will be paid twice as much and was very impressed when returning Khadijah Muhammad brought trade results than usual .
Over time Muhammad eventually fell in love with Khadija , they were married at the time Mohammed was 25 years old . At that time, Khadijah was approaching the age of 40 years old , but he still has a charming beauty to Muhammad . Much age difference and the status held by the widow Khadija is not an obstacle for them , though at the time the Quraish tribe has a culture that is more stress to a marriage with a girl rather than a widow . Despite their wealth grew , Muhammad remained alive as a simple man , he prefers to use his money for things that are more important .
He earned
When Muhammad was 35 years old , he went with the Quraysh in the repair of the Ka'ba . At the time of the Quraysh tribe leaders argue about who is entitled to put the Black Stone , Muhammad can resolve the problem and give you a fair settlement . At that time he was known among the Arab tribes because its properties are commendable . His people loved him , until finally he earned Al - Amin , which means " one who can be trusted " .
Also narrated that Muhammad is a person who believes fully in the oneness of God . He lived a very simple manner and nature hates greedy , arrogant and overbearing prevalent among the Arabs at that time . He is known to love the poor , widows can not afford and orphans as well as sharing the suffering with trying to help them . It also avoids all the crimes that have been entrenched among the Arabs of the time such as gambling , drinking, rude behavior , etc. , so that he was known as As- Saadiq , which means " true " .
Cave of Hira where Muhammad first obtaining revelation .
Muhammad was born in the midst of retarded people who are happy with the violence and fighting and by the age of 40 , he was often aloof to the Cave of Hira ' cave hill about 6 km east of the city of Mecca , which was later identified as Jabal An Nur . He could ponder for days ( brood ) and seek peace and his attitude was considered very contrary to Arab culture of the era were happy clustered . From here , he often thinks deeply , and pleaded with God to destroy disbelief and ignorance .
Muhammad was appointed first apostles on the night of 17 Ramadan / August 6 611 M , narrated by the Angel Gabriel came and read the first sura of the Quran were submitted to Muhammad , namely surah Al - Alaq . Muhammad instructed to read the verses that had been delivered to him , but he was evasive , saying he could not read . Gabriel repeated three times called for Muhammad to read , but the answer remains the same . Jibril said :
"Read in the name of your Lord who created man from a clot . Read , with the name of your Lord , Most Gracious , who taught man by the hand ( writing , reading ) . He taught man what he did not know . ( Al - Alaq 96 : 1-5 ) "
Muhammad was 40 years and 6 months and 8 days when the first verse at the same appointment as the apostle delivered him according to calculations lunar year ( calendar by month ) , or 39 years 3 months 8 days according to the calculation of the solar year , or the year BC ( calendar based on the sun ) . After the incident in the cave of Hira , Muhammad returned to his home , he narrated his temperature felt hot and cold by turns as a result of the events that had just happened and asked his wife to give him a blanket .
It is related also to more reassuring her husband , Khadijah took Muhammad visited his cousin who is also a Christian is Waraqa bin Naufal . Waraqah much knew the prophecies about the Last Prophet of the holy books of Christians and Jews . Hearing stories experienced by Muhammad , Waraqa said, that he had been chosen by God to be a prophet . Then Waraqah mentioned that An - Namus al - Akbar ( the Angel Gabriel ) has come to him , his people will say that he was an impostor , they will be hostile and fight .
Muhammad received the Koran verses gradually within a period of 23 years . The verses are derived based on factual events going on , so that almost every verse of the Qur'an came accompanied by Asbabun Nuzul ( causes / events that underlie the decline paragraph ) . The verses are down as far as it is collected as a compilation called Al Mushaf which is also called Al - Qur ʾ an ( reading ) .
Most verses of the Quran have Izhar interpretation or understanding ( obviously ) , especially the passages about Islamic law , trade law , marriage law and regulatory framework set by Islam in other aspects . While most of the other verses revealed to Muhammad vague sense , in the sense that there needs to be more in-depth interpretation and assessment to ascertain the meaning contained in it , in this case mostly Muhammad gave an example of a direct application of these verses in social interaction and daily religious , so that his followers follow him as an example and a standard of conduct and manners in public life .
getting followers
The main article for this section are : As- Sabiqun al - Awwalun
During the first three years since his appointment as an apostle , Muhammad Islam spread only on a limited basis in kalanganteman close friends and relatives , this is to prevent the onset of acute and massive reaction from among the Arabs at that time were already very assimilated culture with immoral acts , which in this context is contrary to what would be taken and offered by Muhammad . Most of those who trust and believe in the teachings of Muhammad in the early days were the members of their families and community groups lay close to him in everyday life , such as Khadija , Ali , Zaid bin Haritha and Bilal . But at the beginning of the year 613 , Muhammad proclaimed Islam openly . After a long time many Arab figures such as Abu Bakr , Uthman ibn Affan , Zubair bin Al Awwam , Abdul Rahman bin Auf , Ubaidah bin Harith , Amr bin Nufail are then entered into the religion brought Muhammad . All of the first Muslims called al - As- Sabiqun Awwalun or first thing .
Spread of Islam
Around the year 613 AD , three years after Islam spread silently , Muhammad began openly spreading Islam to the people of Mecca , the response he received was loud and massive , this is because the teachings of Islam brought him in conflict with what has become a cultural and the mindset of the people of Mecca at that time . Mecca leader Abu Jahl states that Muhammad was crazy to be destructive to the lives of people of Mecca , due to strong opposition from the people who come jahiliyyah in Mecca and power held by the leaders of the Quraysh against Muhammad and many early Muslims were tortured , abused , insulted , removed , and socially isolated from the community of Mecca .
Although the treatment received , he still get followers in bulk , then his followers spread his message through to domestic trade Sham , Persia , the Arabian peninsula and the region . After that , many people are curious and interested then come to Mecca and Medina to hear directly from Muhammad , appearance and personality were already well -known makes it easier to get sympathy and support in larger quantities . It is becoming increasingly easier when Umar ibn Khattab and a large number of other leaders of Quraysh tribe officials decided to embrace the teachings of Islam , although many also be given the antipathy that time a very large tribal sentiment in Mecca and Medina . It was also getting a lot of followers of Mohammed Farsi country ( now Iran ) , one of which is recorded Salman al - Farisi , a Persian scientist who later became companions of Muhammad .
Torture suffered by almost all adherents of Islam during this period to encourage the birth of the idea to emigrate ( move ) to Habsyah ( now Ethiopia ) . Negus or king Habsyah , allowing the Muslims emigrated to the country and to protect them from the pressure of the authorities in Mecca . Muhammad himself , in the year 622 Hijrah to Yathrib , a city which is about 200 miles ( 320 km ) to the north of Mecca .
Chronology of the Life of Muhammad
Date and location are important in Muhammad's life
569 The death of the father , Abdullah
570 Date of birth ( approximate ) , April 20 : Mecca
570 Year of the Elephant , the failure of Abraha attacked Makkah
576 The death of the mother , Aminah
578 Death of grandfather , Abdul Muttalib
583 Take a trip to Syria trade
595 Met and married with Khadija
Rev. 610 down and become the first Apostle Prophet once , then get a few followers : As- Sabiqun al - Awwalun
613 Spread of Islam to the public : Makkah
614 Getting lots of followers :
615 Hijra first to Habsyah
616 Beginning of the boycott Quraish against Bani Hashim
619 End of boycott Quraish against Bani Hashim
619 Years grief : Khadija and Abu Talib died
620 entertained by God through the Angel Gabriel by way of Isra ' and Mi'raj well as taking orders pray 5 times
621 bai'at ' Aqabah first
622 bai'at ' Aqabah second
622 Hijrah to Medina
624 Battle of Badr
624 Expulsion of Banu Qaynuqa
625 Battle of Uhud
625 Expulsion of Banu Nadir
625 Battle Zaturriqa `
626 Assault to Dumat al - Jandal : Syria
627 Battle Khandak
627 Destruction of Bani Quraizhah
628 Agreement Hudaibiyyah
628 Perform Umrah to the Ka'bah
628 Battle of Khaybar
629 Perform Hajj
629 Battle of Mu'tah
630 Opening of City of Makkah
630 Battle of Hunain
630 Battle Autas
Occupation 630 Ta'if
631 Mastering most of the Arabian Peninsula
632 Battle of Tabuk
632 Hajj Wada '
632 Died ( June 8 ) : Medina
Hijrah to Medina
The Arabs of various tribes came to Mecca annually to beziarah to the temple or Ka'bah , they run a variety of religious traditions in the visit . Muhammad saw this as an opportunity to spread the teachings of Islam . Among those who are interested in teaching a group of people from Yathrib . They met Mohammed and some people who had previously converted to Islam from Mecca in a place called Aqabah clandestinely . After embracing Islam , then they are sworn to protect the followers of Islam and Muhammad from Mecca residents cruelty .
The following year , a collection of Islamic societies from Yathrib came again to Makkah , where they met Muhammad in their previous meeting . Abbas bin Abdul Muttalib , the uncle who had not yet embraced Islam , were present at the meeting . They invite Muslims to emigrate to Yathrib Mecca because Mecca is not a situation conducive to the security of Muslims . Muhammad eventually accepts the invitation and decided to emigrate to Yathrib IN 622 AD


Nabawi Mosque , located in Medina , Saudi Arabia .
Knowing that many Muslims intend to leave Mecca , Mecca tried mengcegahnya ignorant society , they assume that if allowed to emigrate to Yathrib , Muhammad will have the opportunity to develop the religion of Islam to areas far wider . After approximately two months for it and Muslims engaged in warfare and a series of agreements , the Muslim community finally moved from Mecca to Yathrib , later after the arrival of the group of Mecca in 622 known as Medina or Madinatun Prophet ( city of the Prophet ) .
In Medina , government ( caliphate ) of Islam under the leadership of Muhammad manifested . Muslims are free to worship ( salat ) and the community in Medina , as well as Christian and Jewish minorities . In the period after the migration to Medina , Muhammad often gets a series of attacks , terror , murder and war threats he received from the ruler of Mecca , but everything can be solved more easily by Muslims who had now united in Medina .
liberation of Mecca
The main article for this section are : Liberation of Mecca
In 629 AD , year 8 H after the migration to Medina , Muhammad returned to Mecca departed with a Muslim army of 10,000 men , at that time he intends to conquer the city of Mecca and unite the inhabitants of Mecca and Medina . Mecca rulers who do not have adequate defense then agreed to surrender the city of Mecca without opposition , on condition of Mecca will be submitted next year . Muhammad agreed , and when the following year when he came back , he had managed to unite Mecca and Medina , and more broadly that time he has managed to propagate Islam throughout the Arabian Peninsula .
Muhammad led the pilgrimage Muslims , destroy all existing idols around the Kaaba , and then give a general amnesty and enforce rules of Islam in Mecca .
miracles

The main article for this section are : Miracles of Muhammad
Like the previous prophets and messengers , Muhammad was given irhasat ( sign ) of the coming of a prophet , as believed by Muslims have been told in the scriptures beberapan divine religions , narrated signs also occur during in the womb , childhood and adolescence . Muhammad is believed to be given for his prophetic miracles .
Muslims believe that Muhammad is the greatest miracle of the Qur'an , the Muslim holy book . This is because the Arab culture at that time were still barbaric and do not know the civilization , but in the Qur'an it has totally changed since the Koran carries many hard rules that enforce the basics of a new cultural values ​​in the Arab world that were previously not civilized and eliminate the roots of social evil rooted in the Arab world , as well as during its adherents closer reach to deliver the highest level of civilization in the world in his time .
Another miracle is recorded and widely believed by Muslims is a splitting of the moon , Isra and Mi'raj journey from Medina to Jerusalem in a very short time . Another ability that Muhammad was possessed of intelligence and personality as well as being a role model widely praised the followers of Islam to the present .
Physical Characteristics of Muhammad

The main article for this section is : The physical appearance of Muhammad
Some hadith narrated several physical characteristics that are told by the friend and his wife . Some history mentions that Muhammad was boned , white reddish , short beard , and physical described as having a healthy and strong by those around him . Other history of black -eyed Muhammad , not a mustache , goatee being , as well as having a crooked nose that fits Semitic anthropological characteristics in general .
wedding

The main article for this section is : Marriage Muhammad
During his life Muhammad married 11 or 13 women ( there is a difference of opinion on this matter ) . At the age of 25 years she was married to Khadija , which lasted for 25 years until Khadija died . Marriage is described very happy , so that when the death of Khadijah ( which coincides with the anniversary of the death of his uncle Abu Talib ) referred to as the year of sadness .
After the death of Khadija , Khawla bint Hakim suggested marry Sawda bint Zama kepadanyauntuk ( a widow ) or Aisha ( the daughter of Abu Bakr , which Muhammad finally marry the two. Then after that Muhammad married several women recorded again until the total of about 11 people , of which nine of them still alive after the death of Muhammad .
The historians among others Watt and Esposito argues that most marriages were meant to strengthen political ties ( according to Arab culture ) , or provide a livelihood for widows ( when it is more difficult for a widow to marry because of a culture that emphasizes marriage with a virgin ) .

The difference with the previous prophets and messengers

In the mission of preaching , Muslims believe that Muhammad was sent by God to be a prophet for all mankind [ 21 ] , whereas previously only the prophets and messengers were sent to each of his people as well as the Prophet Moses was sent only to the Children of Israel .
While the similarity of the teachings brought by Muhammad previous prophets and messengers are equally taught the oneness of God , the testimony that God is worthy of worship only Allah .